Abstract: Background: This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of antenatal Magnesium Sulphate for neurological outcome in preterm neonates.
Methods: A prospective comparative clinical study to evaluate the role of antenatal Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) for neurological outcome in preterm neonates was carried out at the GMERS Medical College, Gotri, Vadodara from September 2020 to January 2022. The study comprised of total 100 patients who presented with preterm labour before 34 weeks of gestation, divided into two groups. All patients in group A were given Injection MgSO4 for Fetal Neuroprotection and in group Beware given placebo. After delivery, the outcomes were studied in terms of immediate APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration) score, neurological abnormality at birth, features of neurodevelopment status of neonates at 1, 6, and 12 months of age.
Results: While comparing gestational age, there was significantly increased neuroprotective effect and survival in gestational age 32-34 weeks compared to 30-32 weeks and 28-30 weeks. In terms of the weight of the baby at birth, increased neuroprotective effect was seen with birthweight > 1.5 kg. In the MgSO4 group, the average APGAR score was 7 at 1 min v/s6 at 1 min in the placebo group. In the MgSO4 group, the neurological developmental abnormalities at 1month was 10% in v/s 8% in the placebo group. The same at 6 and 12 months was 12% and 14% and 14% and 20%, respectively.
Conclusion: This study concludes that the Antenatal MgSO4given prior to preterm birth for fetal neuroprotection did not show significant difference between outcomes with those patients who did not receive MgSO4, except for the significant neuroprotective effect when administered between 32-34 weeks and when the birth weight is more than 1.5 kg.
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